Dietary fish oil at low intakes increases DHA incorporation and reduces low frequency fatigue in rat hindlimb skeletal muscle

Abstract

Abstract of a presentation. Publication Details Henry, R., Peoples, G. E. & McLennan, P. (2016). Dietary fish oil at low intakes increases DHA incorporation and reduces low frequency fatigue in rat hindlimb skeletal muscle. In The Nutrition Society of Australia and New Zealand 2015 Annual Scientific Meeting, 1-4 Dec 2015, Wellington, New Zealand. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 4 36-37. This conference paper is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/4019 CONCENTRATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SIALIC ACID IN SOW MILK DURING LACTATION M. Jahan, P. Wynn, B. Wang. EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, NSW, Australia E-mail address: mjahan@csu.edu.au (M. Jahan) Background/Aims: Human milk sialic acids has been proposed as a bioactive compound promoting immune function, gut maturation and neurodevelopment of the newborn. Porcine milk however, has received little attention. The aims of the present study were to quantify and compare the levels of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and ketodeoxynonulpsonic acid (KDN) in sow milk during course of lactation. Method:Milk samples from 22 sows were collected by manual expression on 3 occasions, day 1 (colostrum), day 3 (transition milk) and day 15-21 (mature milk) respectively. The concent-ration of Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and KDN were analyzed using UHPLC. Results: Sow milk contained significant amounts of Sia with the highest concentration found in colostrum (1238.50 mg/L) followed by transition milk and then mature milk. Neu5Ac was the major form of Sia (93-96%) and then Neu5Gc (3-6%), KDN however contained as little as 1-2%. This distribution was common to each milk fraction and to each time point in lactation. Conclusions: Porcine milk contained a rich source of sialylated glycoconjugate. The predominately form of sialic acid is Neu5Ac. The high concentrations of Sia in porcine milk suggest that Sia is an important nutrient that may contribute to the optimization of immune function, neuro-development and growth and development of piglets. Funding source(s): International Postgraduate Research Scholarships, Charles Sturt University. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS DRIVING AIRWAY INFLAMMATION FOLLOWING A HIGH-FAT MIXED MEAL IN ASTHMA Q. Li , K.J. Baines , P.G. Gibson , L.G. Wood . Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, NSW, Australia E-mail address: c3156151@uon.edu.au (Q. Li) Background/Aims: A high fat meal is associatedwith airway inflammation in asthma, but the mechanisms are not well understood. This aim of this study was to use microarray techniques to examine the molecular mechanisms of fat-induced airway inflammation in asthma compared with healthy controls. Methods: Subjects with asthma (n 1⁄4 11) and healthy controls (n 1⁄4 8) were provided with a high-fat, high energy meal, containing total energy (TE) of 3846 kJ and 48 g (49% of TE) total fat, including 20.5 g (21% of TE) saturated fat. Sputum was induced at 0 and 4 hours and gene expression was examined by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: Following the high fat dietary challenge, 168 entities were significantly differentially expressed greater than 1.5 fold in subjects with asthma. Five genes involved in immune system processes were selected for qPCR analysis (S100P, S100A16, MAL, MUC1 and NLPR12). qPCR confirmed that S100P, S100A16, MAL and MUC1 were significantly increased in the asthma group post-meal. There was a moderate and significant correlation between the change in S100P andMUC1 gene expression and the change in sputum %neutrophils following the high fat meal (r 1⁄4 0.552, p 1⁄4 0.024; r 1⁄4 0.495, p 1⁄4 0.045 respectively). NLRP12 gene expression at 4 hours strongly correlated with the change in total and saturated non-esterified plasma fatty acid levels at 2 hours (r 1⁄4 0.555, p 1⁄4 0.028; r 1⁄4 0.53, p 1⁄4 0.037 respectively). Conclusions: Our data identifies several genes that contribute to neutrophilic airway inflammation following consumption of a high fat meal in asthmatics, which may prove to be therapeutic targets for immunomodulation. Funding sources: NHMRC, HMRI, Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. DOES INCREASED INTAKE OF FOLIC ACID INCREASE CANCER RISK? D. Mackerras, J. Tan, C. Larter. Food Standards Australia New Zealand, ACT,