Dietary fiber as modulators of gastrointestinal hormonal peptide secretion

Abstract

The review provides information on the effect of dietary fibers on the production of key gastrointestinal hormonal peptides that affect eating behavior and the formation of feelings of hunger and satiety. The mechanisms of action of dietary fiber on the production of appetite-regulating peptides are discussed. Modulation of gastrointestinal hormonal peptide secretion by dietary fibers is involved in the regulation of the balance of energy, appetite, and body weight. The aim of the research was to expand the understanding about the effects of dietary fiber on the secretion of major gastrointestinal hormonal peptides involved in appetite control, the formation of feelings of hunger, satiety and satiation. Results. Gastrointestinal hormones, as physiological regulators of food intake, play an essential role in the formation of feelings of hunger, satiety and satiation, helping to reduce appetite and maintain normal body weight. Various dietary fibers, depending on the physic-chemical properties, the amount and duration of the consumption period, can have a modulating effect on the secretion of the hunger hormone ghrelin and the hormones of satiety: leptin and intestinal peptides (glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin and YY peptide). Conclusion. Dietary fiber influence on processes of energy intake, food ingestion and nutrient absorption in gastrointestinal tract, enhance neuroendocrine responses, modulate release of appetite-regulating hormones involved in energy balance and regulation of feelings of hunger and satiety. The possibility to promote a favorable profile of the endogenic gastrointestinal hormones by inclusion of dietary fiber in food ration both in the form of the natural food and additionally as dietary supplements is of interest as one from strategies of over appetite control and normal body weight maintenance.