Abstract
Nutrition is crucial for the management of patients affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) to slow down disease progression and to correct symptoms. The mainstay of the nutritional approach to renal patients is protein restriction coupled with adequate energy supply to prevent malnutrition. However, other aspects of renal diets, including fiber content, can be beneficial. This paper summarizes the latest literature on the role of different types of dietary fiber in CKD, with special attention to gut microbiota and the potential protective role of renal diets. Fibers have been identified based on aqueous solubility, but other features, such as viscosity, fermentability, and bulking effect in the colon should be considered. A proper amount of fiber should be recommended not only in the general population but also in CKD patients, to achieve an adequate composition and metabolism of gut microbiota and to reduce the risks connected with obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem, affecting about 10% of the population worldwide, with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity the most important risk factors for its occurrence in developed countries [1]
This paper aimed to summarize the latest literature on the role of different types of dietary fiber in CKD, with special attention to gut microbiota and the potential protective role of renal diets
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) indications on health claims related to dietary fiber report the use of the term “soluble” and “insoluble” in the literature to classify dietary fiber according to a physicochemical characteristic linked to different physiological effects [25]
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem, affecting about 10% of the population worldwide, with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity the most important risk factors for its occurrence in developed countries [1]. The importance of nutrition in a nephrology setting has been recognized as crucial for the management of CKD to slow down disease progression and to correct symptoms. The mainstay of dietary treatment of renal patients has been protein restriction coupled with adequate energy supply to prevent malnutrition and with the correct management of electrolytes abnormalities [2]. Renal diet composition may influence gut microbiota, which has been proved to play a role in reducing toxins production and preserve renal function, slowing. Several aspects of renal diets, including fiber content, can modulate the gut microbiota metabolism of CKD patients [7]. This paper aimed to summarize the latest literature on the role of different types of dietary fiber in CKD, with special attention to gut microbiota and the potential protective role of renal diets
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