Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) can be classified into saturated (SFA), unsaturated (poly- or monounsaturated) and trans FA. Recent studies have found that both the quantity and quality of dietary FAs may influence their role in metabolic pathways. Due to their chemical composition, some FAs play a major role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. This is especially true for SFA and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which include marine eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The proinflammatory effects of high SFA intake may increase the risk of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, dietary n-3 intake may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by decreasing atherosclerosis, inflammation, and thrombotic processes. The goal of this study was to review the current literature on the role of FA intake in the prevention and risk of cardiovascular disease.
Highlights
Lipids are a type of macronutrient that, like carbohydrates and proteins, are obtained from dietary sources
Studies performed in the 1980s and 1990s reported that the intake of saturated fats and cholesterol is associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD)[16,17]
This study evaluated the relationship between dietary fatty acids (FAs) and cerebrovascular disease
Summary
Lipids are a type of macronutrient that, like carbohydrates and proteins, are obtained from dietary sources. They are crucial to cell membrane structure (phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol) and metabolic processes such as the transportation and absorption of lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K), in addition to playing a role as precursors of hormone synthesis and components of bile[1]. The optimal consumption of lipids, especially fatty acids (FAs), “as a percentage of total fat intake in both healthy and sick individuals” is still a relevant and debated issue in the development of nutritional recommendations by doctors and dietitians[3]. The goal of this article was to review the role of dietary FAs in the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
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