Dietary fat and glucose control in Pregnancy Exercise & Nutrition Feasibility Study participants (LB321)

Abstract

Background: Dietary fat intake influences glucose control during pregnancy.Methods: Fasting glucose (FG) and insulin (FI) were measured, insulin resistance and sensitivity (HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β, and QUICKI) were calculated and dietary total fat (TF), saturated fat (SFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) were estimated each trimester (T1, T2, T3) in 26 women during pregnancy. Relationships between fat intake and glucose control were assessed using canonical correlations (CC).Results: Compared to sample means, during T1, higher MUFA, PUFA and lower SFA intakes are correlated with higher QUICKI and FI (r=0.72); higher TF, SFA, and MUFA intakes are correlated with higher FG (r=0.67). During T2, higher TF and SF intakes are correlated with higher FG, FI, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β and lower QUICKI (r=0.66). During T3, higher TF, MUFA, and PUFA intakes are correlated with lower FI, HOMA‐IR, HOMA‐β, and high QUICKI (r=0.65). Fat Variables T1 CC1 T1 CC2 T2 CC1 T3 CC1 Correlation between Variables and Canonical Variate TF ‐0.05 0.98 0.62 0.74 SFA ‐0.43 0.82 0.63 0.12 MUFA 0.35 0.83 0.46 0.77 PUFA 0.24 0.23 0.28 0.46 Glucose Variables FG 0.06 0.54 0.66 0.01 FI 0.83 0.19 0.56 ‐0.25 HOMA‐IR 0.09 0.20 0.59 ‐0.24 HOMA‐β 0.08 0.15 0.50 ‐0.26 QUICKI 0.16 ‐0.13 ‐0.57 0.36 Fat & Glucose Correlations 0.72 0.67 0.66 0.65 Variable Mean ± SD T1 T2 T3 TF (%) 37 ± 8 31 ± 6 34 ± 7 SFA (%) 12 ± 4 10 ± 3 11 ± 4 MUFA (%) 13 ± 4 11 ± 3 12 ± 3 PUFA (%) 8 ± 3 7 ± 2 8 ± 3 FG (mg/dl) 84 ± 6.5 81 ± 7.3 79 ± 7.2 FI (µU/mL) 8.2 ± 4.3 9.4 ± 6.4 11.5 ± 5.5 HOMA‐IR 1.7 ± 1.0 1.9 ± 1.5 2.3 ± 1.1 HOMA‐β 2.0 ± 1.0 2.4 ± 1.4 3.0 ± 1.3 QUICKI 0.36 ± 0.04 0.36 ± 0.03 0.35 ± 0.03 Conclusion: Although patterns are different at each trimester, these results show that healthier fat intake during pregnancy corresponds with healthier glucose control.Grant Funding Source: Supported by The OHSU Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition & Wellness and the Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, grant number UL1TR000128 from the NCATS of the NIH.