Abstract
The knowledge about dietary habits and their influence in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease is insufficient. The aim of this study was to analyse the association of dietary factors and plasma thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) and/or thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab). The study enrolled 1887 participants originating from the South Croatia. Participants with elevated plasma TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab were defined as cases (n = 462) and those with TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab within referent values were defined as controls (n = 1425). Dietary intake was evaluated according to a food frequency questionnaire containing 58 food items. Principal component analysis was used to group food items into dietary groups. We used logistic regression analysis to examine dietary groups associated with positive plasma TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab. The results indicate that the dietary group with frequent consumption of animal fats and butter is associated with positive plasma TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab (p = 0.01). The dietary group with frequent consumption of vegetables as well as the dietary group with high consumption of dried fruit, nuts, and muesli are associated with negative findings of TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab (p = 0.048 and p = 0.02, respectively). We showed that the anti-inflammatory dietary groups are associated with the negative findings of plasma TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab.
Highlights
Thyroid disorders are, beside diabetes mellitus, the most frequent disorders affecting endocrine systems
This study has shown that the dietary group with frequent consumption of animal fats and butter was associated with positive plasma thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and/or thyroglobulin antibodies (Tg-Ab), while the dietary groups with frequent consumption of different sorts of vegetables, dried fruit, nuts, and muesli were associated with negative findings of TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab
The present study demonstrated the association of animal fats and butter consumption with the positive plasma TPO-Ab and/or Tg-Ab
Summary
Beside diabetes mellitus, the most frequent disorders affecting endocrine systems. Genetic background significantly contributes to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases (70% to 80%), but their occurrences are associated with different environmental factors (20% to 30%) [1]. It has been shown that increased occurrence of thyroid autoantibodies is the result of iodine sufficiency or excessive iodine intake [3,4,5]. Among other environmental factors, smoking was associated with increased risk for Graves disease (GD) but not with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), while moderate alcohol consumption had a protective role in the development of GD and HT [1,3]. Low selenium intake and low serum vitamin D levels were shown to be associated with higher risk of AITD, but the data is still inconclusive [1,3]
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