Dietary Factors and Modulation of Bacteria Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: A Systematic Review.

Sanne Verhoog,Petek Eylul Taneri,Lia Bally,Zayne M Roa Díaz,Marija Glisic,Taulant Muka,Pedro Marques-Vidal,John P Troup,Oscar H Franco

doi:10.3390/nu11071565

Abstract

Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are highly abundant human gut microbes in healthy individuals, and reduced levels are associated with inflammation and alterations of metabolic processes involved in the development of type 2 diabetes. Dietary factors can influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii, but the evidence is not clear. We systematically searched PubMed and Embase to identify clinical trials investigating any dietary intervention in relation to A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. Overall, 29 unique trials were included, of which five examined A. muciniphila, 19 examined F. prausnitzii, and six examined both, in a total of 1444 participants. A caloric restriction diet and supplementation with pomegranate extract, resveratrol, polydextrose, yeast fermentate, sodium butyrate, and inulin increased the abundance of A. muciniphila, while a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols decreased the abundance of A. muciniphila. For F. prausnitzii, the main studied intervention was prebiotics (e.g. fructo-oligosaccharides, inulin type fructans, raffinose); seven studies reported an increase after prebiotic intervention, while two studies reported a decrease, and four studies reported no difference. Current evidence suggests that some dietary factors may influence the abundance of A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii. However, more research is needed to support these microflora strains as targets of microbiome shifts with dietary intervention and their use as medical nutrition therapy in prevention and management of chronic disease.

Highlights

The gut microbiota, defined as the complex, diverse, and vast microbial community resided in the human gut, is emerging as a key player in the pathophysiology of several chronic conditions [1].Gut microbiota extract energy from nutrients and regulate several biological processes
An increase in abundance of A. muciniphila was observed after a caloric restriction diet, supplementation with pomegranate extract, resveratrol, polydextrose, EpiCor or sodium butyrate, whereas a diet low in FODMAPs decreased the abundance of A. muciniphila
Prebiotics use was the main dietary intervention investigated in relation to F. prausnitzii, showing contradictory results depending on the type of prebiotics

Summary

Introduction

The gut microbiota, defined as the complex, diverse, and vast microbial community resided in the human gut, is emerging as a key player in the pathophysiology of several chronic conditions [1].Gut microbiota extract energy from nutrients and regulate several biological processes. Increases in A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii abundance can regulate metabolic functions and appear to exert protective effects against the development of obesity [7], type 2 diabetes (T2D) [8], and atherosclerosis [9]. These two bacteria have been considered as potential bioindicators of human cardiometabolic health and conditions where underlying inflammation plays a role. F. prausnitzii is the major bacterium of the Clostridium leptum group [10,11] It accounts for 5% of total bacteria in faeces and it is an important source of energy for the colonocytes [12,13]

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