Dietary Effect of Probiotic and Prebiotic on Some Mucus Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles.

Abstract

Prebiotic and probiotic supplements can directly activate fish primary defense mechanisms by acting on responsible receptors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using Pediococcus acidilactici and Agaricus bisporus separately and in combination with silver carp's mucosal immune system indices and finally the possibility of reducing the toxicity of silver nanoparticles in silver carp. After calculating LC50, the sub-lethal toxicity test was performed to sub-lethal concentration of silver nanoparticles for 14 days. Fish skin mucus was collected in polyethylene bags containing 10 ml of 50 mM sodium chloride for future analysis. Results of skin mucosal indices activity showed significant changes in treatments fed with additives compared to the control treatment after exposure to silver nanoparticles on days 1, 7, and 14 in including lysozyme enzyme activity, total protein, and skin mucosal protein pattern. The addition of additives will improve the relative mucosal safety indices of silver carp. The results of statistical analysis showed that the addition of combination supplements, Pediococous acidilactici, and Agaricus bisporus powder could affect the skin mucosal safety indices. It is effective and ultimately improves the immune system function of silver carp skin in 14-day exposure to silver nanoparticles.