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Abstract
Gangliosides are series of glycosphingolipids containing sialic acids in the oligosaccharide portion in mammalian cells. Gangliosides are a component of cellular membranes and play roles in modulating membrane function and the activity of membrane proteins. Abnormal expression and metabolism of gangliosides lead to the onset of several conditions in humans, such as neurologic diseases, diabetes, and cancer. A number of studies have been carried out to date to investigate the role of gangliosides in these diseases, and the effect of diet on tissue expression of gangliosides has recently become a topic of interest in this field. As gangliosides are degraded in the intestinal tract, ingested food-derived gangliosides are not directly absorbed into tissues in vivo, but the degradation products can be absorbed and affect ganglioside expression in the tissues. Recent studies have also shown that the expression of gangliosides in tissue cells can be indirectly induced by controlling the expression of ganglioside metabolism-related genes via the diet. These results indicate that dietary control can regulate the expression levels of gangliosides in tissues, which is expected to play a role in preventing and treating ganglioside-related diseases. This review introduces recent studies on the effect of diet on the expression of gangliosides in tissues, with a focus on our findings.
Highlights
Glycosphingolipids are amphipathic molecules composed of oligosaccharides and ceramides and function as a component of cellular membranes in mammalian cells
‘Ganglioside’ is a general term to describe an acidic glycosphingolipid containing sialic acid in the oligosaccharide portion, and because it is abundant in ganglia, it was designated as ganglioside
Molecular biology, nutrition, food science, and glycobiology research has clarified the effects of diet on ganglioside expression in vivo
Summary
Glycosphingolipids are amphipathic molecules composed of oligosaccharides and ceramides and function as a component of cellular membranes in mammalian cells. Abnormal expression of gangliosides in tissue cells is associated with a variety of diseases, such as diabetes [4], neurologic diseases [5], and cancer [6]. Ingestion of saccharides and lipids, which are components of gangliosides, can affect their tissue expression levels [7,8,9]. 2t0e1d9,g20e,nxeFsORalPtEeErRgRaEnVgIEliWoside metabolism in tissue cells as well as ganglioside e2xopf r1e4ssion levels [10]. Sci. 2020, 21, 177 species that are cancer-specific antigens not found in noncancerous parental cells [6] The expression of these glycosphingolipids is due to the expression of glycosyltransferase genes encoding specific enzymes that mediate their synthesis in conjunction with the oncogenic transformation of the parent cells
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