Dietary Considerations in HIV and AIDS

Abstract

Abstract Nutritional evaluation and counseling are important aspects of the overall care of patients with HIV and AIDS. While certain groups of patients, such as those with opportunistic infection and significant weight loss, malabsorption, or any medical condition affecting dietary intake or metabolism, should be referred to a physician nutrition specialist or registered dietician for evaluation and treatment, general nutritional care of other patients may be effectively accomplished in the setting of the primary care or infectious disease clinic. This article presents evidence from observational trials concerning the energy and protein needs of patients with HIV and AIDS, outlines the roles of various micronutrients in immune functioning, and summarizes data from observational studies concerning relationships between HIV infection and micronutrient status. The possible role of dietary and supplemental omega three fatty acids in AIDS is discussed as well. Provisional recommendations for levels of energy, protein, and micronutrient intakes based on epidemiological data and risk of toxicity are given, and tables of high energy and protein snacks and foods high in various micronutrients are supplied to assist clinical implementation of these recommendations.