Abstract
Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and the burden of the disease is increased. Although several chemotherapies have been used, concerns about the side effects have been raised, and development of alternative therapy is inevitable. The purpose of this study is to prove the efficacy of dietary substances as a source of anti-tumor drugs by identifying their carcinostatic activities in specific pathological mechanisms. According to numerous studies, dietary substances were effective through following five mechanisms; apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastasis, microRNA (miRNA) regulation, and anti-multi-drug-resistance (MDR). About seventy dietary substances showed the anti-prostate cancer activities. Most of the substances induced the apoptosis, especially acting on the mechanism of caspase and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. These findings support that dietary compounds have potential to be used as anticancer agents as both food supplements and direct clinical drugs.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in the world and prostate cancer is ranked as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world [1]
A total of thirty-nine compounds demonstrated the apoptotic effects upon prostate cancer cells or prostate cancer animal models, and most of the compounds were derived from plant organisms (Table 1)
Auriculasin elevated the expression of Bax, c-poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while repressed the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression [27]
Summary
Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality in the world and prostate cancer is ranked as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world [1]. Chemotherapy is one of the commonly used therapy with surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy for treating prostate cancer. The examples of cruel adverse-effects of chemotherapy can be found in docetaxel (taxotere) and cabazitaxel (jevtana), which are used for prostate cancer [3]. These two medications showed the edema, hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, etc. In prostate cancer patients [4]. There are growing demands for development of new therapeutic drugs and prevention methods that have minimum damage with maximum effects against prostate cancer from various materials, including food
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