Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a heterogeneous disease, being the consequence of specific genetic alterations along several molecular pathways. Despite the increased knowledge about the biology and pathogenesis of melanoma, the incidence has grown markedly worldwide, making it extremely important to develop preventive measures. The beneficial role of correct nutrition and of some natural dietary compounds in preventing malignant melanoma has been widely demonstrated. This led to numerous studies investigating the role of several dietary attitudes, patterns, and supplements in the prevention of melanoma, and ongoing research investigates their impact in the clinical management and outcomes of patients diagnosed with the disease. This article is an overview of recent scientific advances regarding specific dietary compounds and their impact on melanoma development and treatment.
Highlights
Nutrition plays an important role in cancer
We report the most recent advances on the comprehension of the biological mechanisms, which underlay the impact of foods and dietary compounds on the risk and prevention of melanoma
Several foods and nutrients have been shown to have protective effects against melanoma-genesis or synergic effects with the medications used for Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) treatment
Summary
Nutrition plays an important role in cancer. The American Institute for Cancer Research and the World Cancer Research Fund have estimated that 30–40% of all cancers can be prevented by a proper diet, physical activity, and the maintenance of correct body weight [1, 2]. Dietary antioxidant phytochemicals have demonstrated protective effects and the presence of these compounds in the traditional Mediterranean diet may be partly responsible for the low incidence of CMM in this area, despite high levels of solar radiation; other studies showed a trend towards a reduced risk of CMM with a greater intake of vegetables and fruit, fish, as well as vitamins and beverages such as coffee or tea [11, 12].
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