Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a complicated process that involves the deregulation of epigenetics resulting in cellular transformational events, such proliferation, differentiation, and metastasis. Epigenetic machinery changes the accessibility of chromatin to transcriptional regulation through DNA modification. The collaboration of epigenetics and gene transcriptional regulation creates a suitable microenvironment for cancer development, which is proved by the alternation in cell proliferation, differentiation, division, metabolism, DNA repair and movement. Therefore, the reverse of epigenetic dysfunction may provide a possible strategy and new therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Many dietary components such as sulforaphane and epigallocatechin- 3-gallate have been demonstrated to exert chemopreventive influences, such as reducing tumor growth and enhancing cancer cell death. Anticancer mechanistic studies also indicated that dietary components could display the ability to reverse epigenetic deregulation in assorted tumors via reverting the adverse epigenetic regulation, including alternation of DNA methylation and histone modification, and modulation of microRNA expression. Therefore, dietary components as therapeutic agents on epigenetics becomes an attractive approach for cancer prevention and intervention at the moment. In this review, we summarize the recent discoveries and underlying mechanisms of the most common dietary components for cancer prevention via epigenetic regulation.
Highlights
Epigenetic alternation is referred to the change in gene expression without changing in DNA sequence
We introduce some common dietary components and their epigenetic targets in cancer
In leukemia K562 and HEL cells, curcumin elevates the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 via inhibiting HDAC8 expression to increase the acetylation of histone in the regions of SOCS1 and SOCS3 promoters [45]
Summary
Epigenetic alternation is referred to the change in gene expression without changing in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modification (acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation), and microRNA expression, playing a critical role in many cellular processes [1,2,3,4]. Dietary components which are widely present in daily dietary, have been proved to exhibit a beneficial effect in cancer prevention and treatment. They reverse epigenetic deregulation by modulation of DNA methylation and histone modification, as well as alternation of microRNA expression [4,5,6,7]. This review will introduce some common dietary components possessing anticancer effects and elucidate their mechanisms
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