Abstract
Multiple epidemiologic studies have evaluated the relationship between dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk, but the association is controversial and inconclusive. A meta-analysis of case-control studies and cohort studies was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and lung cancer risk in this study. A relevant literature search up to October 2017 was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Sinomed, and VIP Journal Integration Platform. Ten case-control studies and six cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the risk estimates were pooled using either fixed or random effects models. The case-control studies with a total of 6894 lung cancer cases and 29,736 controls showed that dietary cholesterol intake was positively associated with lung cancer risk (Odds Ratio = 1.70, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.43–2.03). However, there was no evidence of an association between dietary cholesterol intake and risk of lung cancer among the 241,920 participants and 1769 lung cancer cases in the cohort studies (Relative Risk = 1.08, 95% Confidence Interval: 0.94–1.25). Due to inconsistent results from case-control and cohort studies, it is difficult to draw any conclusion regarding the effects of dietary cholesterol intake on lung cancer risk. Carefully designed and well-conducted cohort studies are needed to identify the association between dietary cholesterol and lung cancer risk.
Highlights
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers
Inclusion criteria were: (1) exposure factor was dietary cholesterol, and language was limited to Chinese and English; (2) studies designed as a case-control study or cohort study; (3) the outcome of interest was risk of lung cancer; and (4) relative risk (RR), odds risk (OR), or Hazard Ratio (HR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals
To further explore the results of our case-control studies, six studies including dietary total fat were analyzed, and we found that dietary total fat intake levels were positively associated with lung cancer risk (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.16–2.33)
Summary
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers. Cancer epidemiological data showed that, in 2012, there were about 1.8 million new lung cancer cases and 1.6 million cases of death, respectively, accounting for about 13% of the total number of cancer diagnosis and 20% of the total number of cancer deaths [1]. Smoking is currently the most important risk factor for lung cancer, but there are still about 25% of lung cancer patients that are non-smokers [2]. Dietary adjustment represents another important factor in the prevention of cancer.
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