Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of metabolic syndrome linked to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance has increased; thus, studies must be conducted to elucidate this phenomenon. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of chokeberry and dried jujube diet on high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced dyslipidemia in mice.MethodsMale C57BL/6 J mice were divided into five groups: ND, mice fed normal diet and tap water; HFFD, mice fed 60% high-fat and 10% fructose diet (HFFD) in tap water; HFFD+C, mice fed HFFD with 1% chokeberry powder; HFFD+J, mice fed HFFD with 1% jujube fruit powder; and HFFD+M, mice fed HFFD with 0.5% chokeberry + 0.5% jujube fruit powder mixture.ResultsAfter 10 weeks of dietary treatment, chokeberry and dried jujube fruits reduced HFFD-induced weight gain and central obesity and decreased liver weight and abdominal and epididymal fat mass. Furthermore, such fruits attenuated HFFD-induced dyslipidemia; decreased triglyceride, total cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Insulin resistance was improved via the consumption of dietary chokeberry and dried jujube fruits according to various indicators (serum insulin level, fasting blood glucose level, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance score, and oral glucose tolerance test value). These treatments were found to lower serum triglyceride levels. Moreover, the consumption of chokeberry and dried jujube changed the hepatic protein expression of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and catalase, which are associated with insulin resistance.ConclusionsChokeberry and dried jujube could be used in the management of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance associated with metabolic syndrome by reducing risk parameters in mice with HFFD.
Highlights
The incidence of metabolic syndrome linked to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance has increased; studies must be conducted to elucidate this phenomenon
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary chokeberry and/or dried jujube fruits on central obesity, lipid homeostasis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance that are induced by high-fat and 10% fructose diet (HFFD) in C57BL/6j mice by controlling the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway
6-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were divided into five groups: ND, mice fed with normal diet and tap water; HFFD, mice fed with HFFD (60% of fat, 10% of fructose) in tap water; HFFD with chokeberry powder (HFFD+C), mice fed with HFFD with 1% chokeberry powder and 10% fructose in tap water; HFFD+J, mice fed with HFFD with 1% jujube fruit powder and 10% fructose in tap water; and HFFD+M, mice fed with HFFD with 0.5% chokeberry + 0.5% jujube fruit powder mixture and 10% fructose in tap water (Fig. 1)
Summary
The incidence of metabolic syndrome linked to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance has increased; studies must be conducted to elucidate this phenomenon. High-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD), which is a western diet, is generally composed of carbohydrates, such as fructose and sucrose, as well as saturated fat This diet has been associated with numerous diet-induced complications, such as obesity, type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a pathological state characterized by hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, and such characteristics are considered major public health problems worldwide. Their complex conditions are significantly correlated to overweight or obesity and insulin resistance, which is an important factor in the development of MetS and T2DM. There are continuing needs to prevention study to relieve the MetS in South Korea
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