Abstract
Dietary phosphate intake is closely correlated with protein intake. However, the effects of the latter on phosphate-induced organ injuries remain uncertain. Herein, we investigated the effects of low (10.8%), moderate (23.0%), and high (35.2%) dietary casein and egg albumin administration on phosphate-induced organ injuries in rats. The moderate and high casein levels suppressed renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and maintained mitochondrial integrity in the kidney. The serum creatinine levels were suppressed only in the high casein group. Phosphate-induced muscle weakness was also ameliorated by high dietary casein. The urinary and fecal phosphate levels in the early experiment stage showed that dietary casein did not affect phosphate absorption from the intestine. High dietary egg albumin showed similar kidney protective effects, while the egg albumin effects on muscle weakness were only marginally significant. As the plasma branched-chain amino acid levels were elevated in casein- and egg albumin-fed rats, we analyzed their effects. Dietary supplementation of 10% branched-chain amino acids suppressed phosphate-induced kidney injury and muscle weakness. Although dietary protein restriction is recommended in cases of chronic kidney disease, our findings indicate that the dietary casein, egg albumin, and branched-chain amino acid effects might be reconsidered in the era of a phosphate-enriched diet.
Highlights
Dietary phosphate intake is closely correlated with protein intake
Dietary phosphate suppressed urinary excretion of calcium, which was restored by high dietary casein (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 between the NPi + LCas and HPi + LCas and between the HPi + LCas and HPi + HCas groups, respectively; Table 1)
We demonstrated the suppression of phosphate-induced renal tubulointerstitial injury by dietary protein
Summary
Dietary phosphate intake is closely correlated with protein intake. the effects of the latter on phosphate-induced organ injuries remain uncertain. Dietary protein restriction is recommended in cases of chronic kidney disease, our findings indicate that the dietary casein, egg albumin, and branched-chain amino acid effects might be reconsidered in the era of a phosphate-enriched diet. Guida et al showed that replacement of meat and fish with egg white decreased the serum phosphate levels without causing protein malnutrition[12] These findings suggested that it is meaningful to examine the effects of dietary protein intake on phosphate-induced organ injuries. We investigated the effects of dietary casein and egg albumin on phosphate-induced organ injuries, especially in the kidney, which plays pivotal roles in the maintenance of phosphate h omeostasis[13]. Our results provide novel insights into the dietary intervention for suppressing phosphate toxicity in the era of phosphate-enriched diet
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