Abstract
Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancer incidence. To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake. This population based case-control study was conducted in Malaysia with 382 breast cancer patients and 382 controls. Food intake pattern was assessed via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders were included in analysis. A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.93, 95%CI: 1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) women was observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantly lower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women. Sugar and dietary fiber intake were independently related to pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, no association was observed for dietary carbohydrate intake.
Highlights
Breast cancer incidence in Malaysia, a developing Asian country, is at an Age-Standardized Rate (ASR) of 29.1 per 100,000 populations in year 2007 (Zainal Ariffin and Nor Saleha 2011)
Our study found no significant association between dietary carbohydrate intake with pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk
Higher intake of sugar intake was seen to have significant potential to increase risk while diet high in dietary fiber was protective towards risk of breast cancer among both pre- and postmenopausal women in our study
Summary
Breast cancer incidence in Malaysia, a developing Asian country, is at an Age-Standardized Rate (ASR) of 29.1 per 100,000 populations in year 2007 (Zainal Ariffin and Nor Saleha 2011). We investigated associations between dietary carbohydrates, fiber and sugar intake and risk of breast cancer in a retrospective study of premenopausal and postmenopausal women with a wide range of relevant exposures. Objective: To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake. Results: A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.93, 95%CI: 1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) women was observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantly lower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal (ORQ4 to Q1=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) and postmenopausal (ORQ4 to Q1=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women.
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