Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) provide the cells responsible for bone formation, but can also adopt an adipocytic lineage. The balance between osteogenic versus adipocytic differentiation of MSC is of critical importance to bone health. The impact of Ca nutrition on MSC activity was assessed by examining the effect of the Ca status of the MSC and the Ca status of homologous sera, under both proliferative and adipogenic culture conditions. MSC were isolated from 6, 19d old pigs that had been fed either a Ca adequate (Ca+) or deficient (Ca−) milk‐replacer for 18d. Sera were pooled samples from days 6, 12, and 18 of the feeding trial. Cells were cultured for 6d prior to analysis. Under proliferative culture conditions, Ca− sera reduced MSC proliferation and Ca+ MSC had greater expression of osteocalcin and Runx2 mRNA. Under adipogenic culture conditions, MSC cultured in Ca− sera had greater Oil Red O staining and Ca+ MSC also had greater Oil Red O staining than did there Ca− counterparts. Ca− MSC cultured with Ca− sera under adipogenic conditions had 2 fold greater expression of PPARG2 mRNA than any other treatment group. Concentrations of calcitropic hormones were not different between Ca+ and Ca− sera, but we identified 22 differentially expressed proteins in these sera. The results indicate that neonatal Ca restriction may have long‐term effects on bone integrity via programming of MSC.
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