Dietary assessment among Inuvialuit in Arctic Canada using a locally developed Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFFQ)

Abstract

Inuvialuit in Arctic Canada are experiencing a nutritional transition with a concurrent rise in chronic disease rates. Comprehensive dietary assessment is necessary to monitor this transition. A population‐specific QFFQ was administered to assess dietary intake and adequacy, and foods contributing to energy and nutrient intake, in a cross‐sectional sample of Inuvialuit adults. With a response rate of 65–85%, 46 men (mean age = 43 y) and 172 women (mean age = 45 y) completed the QFFQ. Mean daily energy intakes for men and women were 3,094 kcal and 2,968 kcal, respectively. Protein, carbohydrates, and fat provided approximately 18%, 48%, and 32% of energy, respectively. The majority of participants were below recommended levels for daily intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin E, and vitamin D; while mean daily energy, saturated fat, and sodium intakes exceeded the recommendations. The most frequently reported foods, and the top contributors to energy, fat, and sugar intake, were non‐nutrient‐dense, store‐bought foods. Traditional foods accounted for 28% of protein and 33% of iron intake. This study identified nutrient inadequacies and consumption patterns to inform public health interventions and policy for Inuvialuit. The project was supported by American Diabetes Association.