Dietary Arginine Slightly and Variably Affects Tissue Polyamine Levels in Male Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Many key metabolic and physiologic functions involve arginine and arginine-derived metabolites. Requirements for arginine, a "conditionally essential" amino acid for most mammalian species, are met in variable proportions by dietary intake and endogenous synthesis, the latter being sufficient to fulfill arginine needs in adult humans and mice under nonpathologic conditions. However, dietary arginine restriction causes orotic aciduria and abnormal function of the urea cycle. Furthermore, the importance of dietary arginine in the maintenance of homeostasis of arginine-derived metabolites in the body has not yet been analyzed in detail. We therefore examined whether the deprivation or supplementation of dietary arginine affects tissue and circulating levels of arginine-derived polyamines. We pair-fed male Swiss albino mice (30 g) for 15 or 30 d synthetic diets containing 0, 1.12 or 2.24 g/100 g L-arginine. Tissue and blood levels of the main free polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, were measured by HPLC. In general, neither the deprivation nor the supplementation of arginine dramatically affected the levels of any of the polyamines analyzed. Variations were organ, time and polyamine specific, and most differences were in the levels of putrescine at 15 d and of spermidine at 30 d. Thus, in contrast to effects on urea cycle function, dietary arginine does not appear to be essential for the maintenance of the homeostasis of free polyamine levels in adult mice, emphasizing the importance of endogenous arginine synthesis in preserving the polyamine body pool.