Abstract
Excessive growth of cancer cells is the main cause of cancer mortality. Therefore, discovering how to inhibit cancer growth is an important research topic. Recently, the newly discovered adipokine, known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT, visfatin), which has been associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity, has also been found to be a major cause of cancer proliferation. Therefore, inhibition of NAMPT and reduction of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis is one strategy for cancer therapy. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), as an antioxidant and anticancer natural compound, may have the ability to inhibit visfatin. The breast cancer cell line and xenograft animal models were treated under different dosages of visfatin combined with CA and FK866 (a visfatin inhibitor) to test for cell toxicity, as well as inhibition of tumor-related proliferation of protein expression. In the breast cancer cell and the xenograft animal model, visfatin significantly increased proliferation-related protein expression, but combination with CA or FK866 significantly reduced visfatin-induced carcinogenic effects. For the first time, a natural compound inhibiting extracellular and intracellular NAMPT has been demonstrated. We hope that, in the future, this can be used as a potential anticancer compound and provide further directions for research.
Highlights
Breast cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, impacting over 2.1 million women per year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]
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Confidence interval (CI) = 4.51–14.31), which indicates the importance of visfatin breast cancer patients (Figure visfatin in breast cancer patients (Figure 1)
Summary
Breast cancer is the most common gynecological cancer, impacting over 2.1 million women per year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. In 2018, breast cancer caused 15% of all cancer deaths among women (WHO, 2018). Preventing breast cancer has become an important issue. Environmental, genetic, and other factors may increase the risk of breast cancer. Female hormones linked to increasing age are associated with promoting cancer cell proliferation and increasing cancer risk. The increase in adipose tissue caused by obesity is the most important risk factor [2]. Obesity is a multifactorial disease that corresponds with the environment, behavior, and heredity. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) (for each additional 5 kg/m2 ) and breast cancer risk [3]. Obesity is accompanied by changes in adipokines [4]
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