Abstract
Assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac ectopic beats is a clinically relevant topic. The present exploratory observational study aimed to inspect the relationships of lifestyle, dietary patterns, and anthropometrics with HRV, premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), and supraventricular premature complexes (SVPCs). A cross-sectional study enrolling subjects undergoing Holter monitoring was performed. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, body composition (full-body bio-impedentiometry), dietary patterns (validated food frequency questionnaire and 24 h dietary recall), and quality of life were assessed. Generalized additive models were estimated to evaluate the relationships between outcomes of interest and variables collected. The study enrolled 121 consecutive patients undergoing 24 h Holter monitoring. Upon univariable analysis, HRV was found to have an inverse association with mass of body fat (MBF) (p-value 0.015), while doing physical activity was associated with a significantly higher HRV (p-value 0.036). Upon multivariable analysis, fruit consumption in the 24 h dietary recall was found to be directly associated with HRV (p-value 0.044). The present findings might be useful for improving the management of patients attending cardiac rhythm labs, and to tailor ad hoc prevention strategies (modification of lifestyle and eating habits) based on Holter parameters.
Highlights
The leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); their prevalence is incessantly progressing in both developed and developing nations [1]
The present exploratory observational study aimed to inspect the relationships of lifestyle, dietary patterns, and anthropometrics with heart rate variability (HRV), premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), and supraventricular premature complexes (SVPCs)
Risk factors are often observed in clusters, so that even if just one risk factor such as hypertension is detected in a person, a search for coexisting risk factors such as smoking, central adiposity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus becomes obligatory, because these risk factors occurring together can increase the risk of CVDs in a multiplicative rather than in an additive manner [3]
Summary
The leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); their prevalence is incessantly progressing in both developed and developing nations [1]. Factors such as age, sex, and family history are considered crucial, some established factors are modifiable: hypertension, use of tobacco, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, cholesterol and lipids, and stress, among others [2]. Studies have been conducted both in healthy subjects and in those with underlying conditions affecting the cardiovascular system (e.g., previous myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure) [5]. It has been shown that reduced HRV is a significant predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases [6], it is still not entirely clear if reduced HRV represents the result of such diseases or the factor affecting the onset of such conditions
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