Abstract
The present study aimed to identify patterns of dietary changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with sociodemographics, body mass index (BMI) before pandemic, and lifestyle changes in Polish adults and to examine the effects of lockdowns on dietary–lifestyle changes. This study used a cross-sectional online survey to collect data. The k-means algorithm was used to determine of patterns of dietary changes, and logistic regression analyses were performed. During the study period, 43% of respondents decreased physical activity (PA), 49%—increased screen time, and 34%—increased food consumption. Among the three dietary changes patterns, two opposite patterns were found: Prohealthy (28% participants) and Unhealthy (19% participants).The adherence to the Prohealthy pattern was negatively associated with age, but positively with being overweight (aOR 1.31) or obese before pandemic (aOR 1.64). Residing in a macroeconomic region with GDP > 100% decreased adherence to the Prohealthy (aOR 0.73) but increased adherence to the Unhealthy pattern (aOR 1.47). Adults over 40 years old, those living with children, unemployed, those living in a region with a higher GDP, and those not consuming homemade meals could be more exposed to unhealthy behaviors. From a public health perspective, enhancing the message “to be active” during the compulsory isolation period should be prioritized.
Highlights
Because of the worldwide spread of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic
70% of respondents had no difficulties with food availability during the pandemic, but 43%
Quarantine could have a bi-directional impact on dietary–lifestyle changes: positive and negative because of more time spent at home
Summary
Because of the worldwide spread of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. 12, 2020, nearly 8 million confirmed COVID-19 cases, including approximately 426,000 deaths, have been reported in the world, with Poland having approximately 28,577 cases and 1222 deaths [1]. Public health recommendations and governmental measures have resulted in lockdowns and many restrictions on daily living, including isolation, social distancing, and home confinement. On 20 March 2020, the Polish government announced an epidemic status in the Republic of Poland [2], and on May 25, the government ordered social distancing, staying at home for self-isolation, remote work, and closure of preschools, schools, and universities. Gyms and swimming pools have re-opened with some restrictions on 6 June 2020.
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