Dietary Alaska Pollock Protein Attenuates the Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium via Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Mice.

Genki Tanaka,Nozomi Hagihara,Munehiro Yoshida,Kenji Fukunaga,Takaki Shimono,Ryota Hosomi,Toshimasa Nishiyama,Seiji Kanda

doi:10.3390/metabo12010044

Genki Tanaka, Nozomi Hagihara + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010044

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Journal: Metabolites	Publication Date: Jan 7, 2022
Citations: 2	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Kansai University, Kansai Medical University

Abstract

Protein derived from fish has not only nutritional properties but also health-promoting properties. Few studies have examined the effect of dietary Alaska pollock protein (APP) on the anticolitis effect reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study investigated the effect of APP intake on colitis symptoms, gut microbiota, and its metabolites in the experimental colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (1) DSS-untreated mice fed an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) 93G diet (protein source is casein), (2) DSS-treated mice fed an AIN93G diet, and (3) DSS-treated mice fed an APP diet. After the mice were fed the diets for 21 days, experimental colitis was induced by three cycles of 2% DSS administration for 5 days followed by washouts over the course of 5 days. APP-reduced body weight loss increased the disease activity index, and elevated spleen weight and alleviated colon length shortening and colonic tissue damage. Furthermore, APP altered the structure and composition of the microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in feces. Since APP intake alleviates experimental colitis induced by DSS administration through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites, we deduced that APP would inhibit MetS progression via colitis suppression.

Highlights

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to obesity combined with dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and inflammation predisposes to heart disease and stroke [1]
The amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.1 g/100 g), which are highly bioactive components, in Alaska pollock protein (APP) can be reduced by about 80% by defatting with n-hexane and ethanol
The indicators of colitis, including decreased body weight (BW), shortened colon lengths, increased area under the curve (AUC) of disease activity index (DAI) scores, relative spleen weight, and histological scores, were alleviated in the APP + dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) group compared with the CAS + DSS group, indicating that APP intake suppressed experimental colitis induced by the above-mentioned procedure (Figures 1 and 2)

Summary

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to obesity combined with dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and inflammation predisposes to heart disease and stroke [1]. One factor that can cause inflammation is the gut’s environment (i.e., microbiota, intestinal barrier function, and bacteria metabolites) [3]. Increased levels of plasma endotoxins, such as gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharides (LPS), have been associated with chronic low-grade inflammation dysfunction and insulin resistance [5]. Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium is thought to be involved in the early stages of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [4]. Colitis has been shown to be associated with a number of diseases [7,8]. Among these diseases, MetS is the most common comorbidity, affecting the etiology and treatment of the disease [7]. IBD is considered a lifestyle-related disease, partly because Western dietary habits are thought to reduce the diversity of gut microbiota [10]

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