Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products (dAGEs) Intake and Bone Health: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Rotterdam Study.

Komal Waqas,Bram C J Van Der Eerden,Jinluan Chen,Trudy Voortman,André G Uitterlinden,M Arfan Ikram,M Carola Zillikens

doi:10.3390/nu12082377

Abstract

Animal studies suggest a role for dietary advanced glycation end-products (dAGEs) in bone health, but human studies on dAGEs in relation to bone are lacking. We aimed to study whether dAGEs intake is associated with the parameters of bone strength namely, bone mineral density (BMD), prevalent vertebral (VFs), and major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs = hip, wrist, proximal humerus, and clinical VFs). 3949 participants (mean age 66.7 ± 10.5 years) were included from a Rotterdam study for whom Carboxymethyllysine (CML—a dietary AGE) was estimated from food frequency questionnaires combined with dAGEs databases. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were performed adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, dietary quality, physical activity, diabetes, smoking, renal function, and cohort effect and for models on fractures, subsequently for BMD. We observed no association of CML with BMD at both femoral neck (β = −0.006; p = 0.70) and lumbar spine (β = −0.013; p = 0.38). A higher intake of CML was linearly associated with VFs (Odds ratio, OR = 1.16, 95% CI (1.02–1.32) and a similar but non-significant trend with MOFs (OR = 1.12 (0.98–1.27). Additional adjustment for BMD did not change the associations. Our results imply a positive association between dietary intake of CML and VFs independent of BMD. Future studies are needed in order to elucidate whether associations found are causal.

Highlights

The impact of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, on bone health has been well established [1].A healthy diet pattern rich in fruits and vegetables has been consistently associated with higher bone strength parameters and lower incidence of fractures [2,3,4,5]
The aim of our study was to investigate whether Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products (dAGEs) intake is associated with bone health measures, such as bone mineral density (BMD), and prevalent major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) and vertebral fractures (VFs)
This study investigated the association of dietary intake of Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), in the form of CML, estimated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and dAGEs database with bone health parameters in a cross-sectional way

Summary

Introduction

The impact of a healthy lifestyle, including diet, on bone health has been well established [1]. A healthy diet pattern rich in fruits and vegetables has been consistently associated with higher bone strength parameters and lower incidence of fractures [2,3,4,5]. A diet rich in saturated fatty acids, meat, and processed foods has been associated with no or negative influence on bone health [6,7]. Previous studies have shown that such diets rich in fats, meat, and processed foods contain high amounts of dicarbonyl compounds (DCs), and their final by-product Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). The major sources of AGEs are smoking and diet [13,14]

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