Dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis improves the health parameters and regulates the gene expression in mice receiving zearalenone-contaminated diet.

Abstract

The biodegradation of mycotoxins has become a specific, efficient, and environmentally protective way to reduce the adverse effects of mycotoxins in both foods and feeds. In the current study, the effectiveness of dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis on health parameters and regulated gene expression in mice receiving zearalenone zearalenone-contaminated diet was explored. In this trial, a total of twenty-four white balb/c mice were randomly assigned to three treatments. Dietary treatments were as follows: T1: The control (fed non-zearalenone-contaminated diet), T2: fed zearalenone-contaminated diet, T3: fed zearalenone-contaminated diet + Bacillus subtilis ARKA-S-3 (1 × 109 cfu/kg) for 28 days. The results showed, B. subtilis notably degraded zearalenone in cultured media during 18h incubation (p < 0.05). It significantly improved average daily weight gain and feed intake. Dietary B. subtilis notably reduced the adverse effects of zearalenone on serum antioxidant indices (GSH-Px, SOD, ) and saved mice from oxidative stress. Also, treatments with B. subtilis improved morphometric characteristics of the ileum ((Villus Height (µm), Villus Width (µm), and Crypt Depth (µm)) in the mice received zearalenone-contaminated diet (p < 0.05). The molecular analysis illustrated that B. subtilis has also improved the mRNA expression levels and antioxidant-related gene expression of SOD and CAT in the jejunum tissue. Moreover, it alleviated the IL-2 and IFN-γ gene profiling in the jejunum tissue. These findings illustrate that dietary administration of B. subtilis by having a degraded effect on zearalenone, possesses a protective effect on the health parameters and gene expression regulation in mice receiving a zearalenone-contaminated diet.