Dietary α-linolenic acid increases TNF-α, and decreases IL-6, IL-10 in response to LPS: effects of sesamin on the Δ-5 desaturation of ω6 and ω3 fatty acids in mice

Abstract

Sesamin (a non-fat portion of sesame seed oil) inhibits Δ-5 desaturase activity resulting in an accumulation of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) which can displace arachidonic acid (AA) and decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory mediators. We investigated the effects of consumption of diets containing 0.25wt% sesamin and 15 wt% safflower oil (SO) (providing 12% of the added fat as linoleic acid) or a 15 wt% 2:1 mixture of linseed oil and SO (LOSO) (providing 6% α-linolenic acid and 6% linoleic acid) for 3 weeks on the liver membrane fatty acid composition and on the production of prostaglandin (PG) E 2, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL 10 in mice. Consumption of sesamin-supplemented SO and LOSO diets resulted in a significant increase in the levels of 20:3ω6 (DGLA), suggesting that sesamin inhibited Δ-5 desaturation of ω6 fatty acids. In animals fed LOSO diets, the levels of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were elevated with a concomitant decrease of arachidonic acid (AA) in the liver membrane phospholipids. Further, in animals fed LOSO diets with or without sesamin, an increase in the circulating levels of TNF-α was associated with a concomitant decrease in PGE 2. Despite a lack of differences in the levels of AA, the PGE 2 levels were significantly lower in mice fed sesamin-supplemented SO compared to those fed SO alone. Thus, these data suggest that irrespective of the availability of a specific fatty acid as a substrate, through regulating the PGE 2 synthesis, the production of TNF-α could be modulated.