Dieta hospitalar: aceitação e fatores clínicos e nutricionais associados

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the acceptance of the diet and the associated factors in hospitalized patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with adult and elderly patients admitted to a hospital in the interior of Bahia. Nutritional assessment included the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and Body Mass Index (BMI). The acceptance of the diet and the factors that influenced its consumption were assessed by means of an adapted questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS®. Results: Thirty patients were included, mostly women (73.3%), with a mean age of 55.1 ± 21.7 years. As for the nutritional status, 46.7% of the evaluated patients were eutrophic by BMI. In relation to the elderly, it was observed that half of them were at nutritional risk or malnutrition due to MNA. The average daily acceptance of the diet was 71.9%, with morning and afternoon snacks being the best accepted meals. Only about 40% of patients consumed >75% of large meals. Temperature and time were the characteristics best evaluated, whereas the attributes presentation, smell and taste had lower percentages of good/ great for dinner and supper, while the morning snack was the best evaluated meal. It was found that the nutritional risk / malnutrition diagnosed by MNA (p = 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.037), the presence of inappetence (p <0.001), nausea and vomiting (p = 0.019) and bed restriction (p = 0.024) were associated with less acceptance of the diet. Conclusion: There was good acceptance of the hospital diet, but clinical and nutritional factors are associated with a lower dietary intake. Clinical-nutritional assessment, monitoring of food acceptance and improvements in food service are necessary to optimize the food intake of hospitalized patients.