Diet Supplementation with Fish-Derived Extracts Suppresses Diabetes and Modulates Intestinal Microbiome in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity.

Ioanna Lapi,Evangelia Mouchtaropoulou,Maria G Daskalaki,Eirini Dermitzaki,Nikolais Androulaki,Ourania Kolliniati,Zouhir El Marsni,Maria Venihaki,Sofia Michailidou,Konstantinos Axarlis,Antiopi Tsoureki,Anagnostis Argiriou,Christos Tsatsanis,Katerina Kousoulaki

doi:10.3390/md19050268

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome-related diseases affect millions of people worldwide. It is well established that changes in nutritional habits and lifestyle can improve or prevent metabolic-related pathologies such as type-2 diabetes and obesity. Previous reports have shown that nutritional supplements have the capacity to limit glucose intolerance and suppress diabetes development. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with fish-derived extracts on obesity and type 2 diabetes and their impact on gut microbial composition. We showed that nutritional supplements containing Fish Complex (FC), Fish Complex combined with Cod Powder (FC + CP), or Cod Powder combined with Collagen (CP + C) improved glucose intolerance, independent of abdominal fat accumulation, in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, collagen-containing supplements distinctly modulate the gut microbiome in high-fat induced obesity in mice. Our results suggest that fish-derived supplements suppress diet-induced type 2 diabetes, which may be partly mediated through changes in the gut microbiome. Thus, fish-derived supplements and particularly the ones containing fish collagen have potential beneficial properties as dietary supplements in managing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome via modulation of the gut microbiome.

Highlights

IntroductionObesity and insulin resistance are central traits of the metabolic syndrome and contribute to serious, yet alarmingly frequent pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease [1,2]
In order to investigate the potential beneficial role of fish supplements (Table 1) in high-fat induced obesity and insulin resistance, mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 5% w/w of the respective supplement to be tested, for a period of 9 weeks
Our results showed that the Fish Complex (FC) supplement led to an improved glucose tolerance, whereas CP did not, while it resulted in an increased body weight

Summary

Introduction

Obesity and insulin resistance are central traits of the metabolic syndrome and contribute to serious, yet alarmingly frequent pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease [1,2]. Obesity is defined as the abnormal or excessive fat accumulation which poses a risk to health, whereas insulin resistance is the inability of the body to utilize insulin efficiently [3]. In many cases, both are caused by lifestyle behaviors and, are preventable. Other risk factors may include genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation, alcohol consumption, stress, age, medications, diseases, disturbed circadian rhythm, and microbiome content [1,2,7]

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