Abstract
The silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède: 1803) is a highly valued food-fish included among the dominant commercial catches exploited in major rivers of Africa. To provide useful biological data for management, samples were collected monthly between January (2005) and December (2007) in three zones: I: Upper Cross River (grassland), II: Middle Cross River (mixed forest and grassland), and III: Lower Cross River (rainforest)] along 200 km length of the Cross River, Nigeria. Data from 1 248 specimens were processed using: allometric coefficient (b), gonado-somatic index, Fulton's condition factor and diversity indices. Male dominance was observed in all populations; C. nigrodigitatus reached maturity at 11.5 cm (male) and 16.7cm (female) total length. Gonado-somatic index was higher for females with a peak in the early rains. The breeding period was between April and August with mean fecundity ranging between 4522 +/- 1924 eggs and 20321 +/- 5543 eggs. This was directly related to total length and weight by the regression models: F = 2365.88 + 560.22 log L and F = 5025.81 +56.34 log W respectively. Exponential equations for length-weight relationships were Wt = -1.997 Lt(2.206) (Zone I), W = -2.831 Lt(3.040) (Zone II) and Wt = -2.245 Lt(2.995) (Zone III). The mean allometric coefficient (b) showed significant departure from cubic value (negative allometry) for Zone I while Zones II and III showed no difference, indicating isometry. Dominant items in the diet were fish and fish parts constituting 21.6% with Food Richness and Gut Repletion Index of 18 and 100% respectively, in all zones. Diet Breadth of 0.802 (Zone 1), 0.922 (Zone II) and 0.910 (Zone III) indicate a high trophic flexibility that enables switching from one diet to another according to availability. Mean condition factor for males varied from 0.718 +/- 0.117 minimum in Zone I to 0.996 +/- 0.062 maximum in Zone III. Forest inland wetlands (Zone II and III) of Cross River provided better condition for C. nigrodigitatus.
Highlights
The silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Lacépède) occurs in most of the major rivers in Africa including Nigeria, Senegal, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Zaire, and Gabon (Ezenwa 1981)
This paper presents a study of the diet habit, sex composition, reproductive characteristics and condition factor of C. nigrodigitatus in the three distinguished habitats of Cross River
Reproductive biology: Preponderance of the male specimens over the female as observed in Cross River has been observed in populations of other catfishes in some Nigerian water bodies by Abayomi and Arawomo (1996) and Taiwo and Aransiola (2001); 1: 0.15 for C. nigrodigitatus and 1:0.80 for C. walkeri in Asejire Lake
Summary
Study site: The study was conducted along the 200km length of Cross River located at the South – Eastern part of Nigeria (4o.25 ́ - 7o 00 ́N; 7o. 15 ́ - 9o. 30 ́E). Data collection: 1248 samples (779 males and 469 females) were randomly taken from artisanal catch in three zones of the study area. Where pxi and pyi are the proportions by number of food type i in the diet of groups x and y (seasons and zones), respectively. The extent of the diet (diet breath) was calculated using the diversity index of Shanon- Wienner (H); H’= -∑pi.log pi where pi is the proportion by the number of food type i This Index has the sensitivity for detecting changes in species diversity and provides a general indication of the relative magnitude of trophic specialization (Berg 1979). Other biological indices including Food Richness; expressed using Margalef’s index: calculates the number of food items relative to the individual in the sample: d= (S-1)/logN). The index of relative importance (IRI) of Pinkas et al (1971) was used to determine the importance of each food type
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