Diet Quality Is Associated with a High Newborn Size and Reduction in the Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small for Gestational Age in a Group of Mexican Pregnant Women: An Observational Study.

María A. Reyes-López,Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez,Otilia Perichart-Perera,Cinthya G. Muñoz-Manrique,Carla P. González-Leyva,Ameyalli M. Rodríguez-Cano,Eloisa Colin-Ramírez,Carolina Rodríguez-Hernández

doi:10.3390/nu13061853

María A. Reyes-López, Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061853

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: May 28, 2021
Citations: 8	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Perinatología

Abstract

A high-quality diet during pregnancy may have positive effects on fetal growth and nutritional status at birth, and it may modify the risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between diet quality and newborn nutritional status in a group of pregnant Mexican women. As part of the ongoing Mexican prospective cohort study, OBESO, we studied 226 healthy pregnant women. We adapted the Alternated Healthy Eating Index-2010 for pregnancy (AHEI-10P). The association between maternal diet and newborn nutritional status was investigated by multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. We applied three 24-h recalls during the second half of gestation. As the AHEI-10P score improved by 5 units, the birth weight and length increased (β = 74.8 ± 35.0 g and β = 0.3 ± 0.4 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) decreased (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.27–0.82 and OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36–0.85, respectively). In women without preeclampsia and/or GDM, the risk of stunting decreased as the diet quality score increased (+5 units) (OR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.40–0.96). A high-quality diet during pregnancy was associated with a higher newborn size and a reduced risk of LBW and SGA in this group of pregnant Mexican women.

Highlights

Nutrition during pregnancy is a key determinant of fetal growth and newborn nutritional status
In order to determine the association between diet quality and newborn weight, length, head circumference, body mass index (BMI), and z-scores of the nutrition indices, we developed multiple linear regression models, including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-10P score as an independent variable
In order to test the effect of energy intake on the relationship between diet quality and newborn nutritional status, we created an interaction term between total energy intake and diet quality; for models with a significant interaction term, this variable was reported in the results; otherwise, we report results without the interaction term in the model

Summary

Introduction

Nutrition during pregnancy is a key determinant of fetal growth and newborn nutritional status. The effects of intrauterine nutrition remain until later stages of life. Low birthweight, associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), has been related to a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and insulin non-dependent diabetes in adult life [2]. The effects of maternal diet on newborn nutritional status have been extensively studied. In a secondary analysis of the ROLO study, Horan et al [4], noted that the intake of saturated fat at the end of pregnancy was positively associated with neonatal central adiposity. A deficient consumption of cobalamin predisposes newborns to a higher adiposity [5]

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