Abstract
PurposeWhile the association between diet quality and mortality has been previously demonstrated, the association between frailty and diet quality has not been evaluated well. This study aimed to investigate the association between diet quality and prevalence of both physical and comprehensive frailty, using two validated tools, in a community-based cohort of older adults.MethodsWe conducted cross-sectional analyses using baseline data of 7022 participants aged ≥ 65 years in the Kyoto-Kameoka study. Diet quality was assessed by calculating the adherence scores to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top using a validated questionnaire; the participants were stratified into quartile groups based on these scores. Physical and comprehensive frailty was assessed using the Fried phenotype model-based Frailty Screening Index and the Kihon Checklist, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression and the restricted cubic spline model were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between adherence scores and frailty prevalence.ResultsHigher adherence scores signified a higher intake of vitamin C, vegetables, dairy products, and fruits. Physical and comprehensive frailty prevalence was 14.2 and 35.8%, respectively. In a multivariable adjusted model, compared with the bottom adherence score quartile, the top quartile was associated with lower ORs of physical (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52–0.80) and comprehensive frailty (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.51–0.71). These relationships were similar to results in the spline model.ConclusionsThis study shows an inverse dose–response relationship between diet quality and prevalence of both physical and comprehensive frailty in older adults.
Highlights
Frailty is a condition in which multiple physiological systems decline in function due to loss of homeostasis against the stress response [1, 2] and/or increased risk of adverse health outcomes [3] and is characterized by a multidimensional factor such as physical, psychosocial, and cognitive ability playing a part in its development [1–3]
We found that adherence score was negatively associated with the odds ratios (ORs) of prevalence of physical frailty, as defined by the Fried phenotype (FP) model, after adjusting for baseline potential confounding factors (Q1: reference; Q2: OR 0.87; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.72–1.06; Q3: OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.69–1.03; Q4: OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52–0.80); P for trend < 0.001)
Our study showed an inverse dose–response relationship between scores on adherence to the Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top and the prevalences of physical and comprehensive frailty
Summary
Frailty is a condition in which multiple physiological systems decline in function due to loss of homeostasis against the stress response [1, 2] and/or increased risk of adverse health outcomes [3] and is characterized by a multidimensional factor such as physical, psychosocial, and cognitive ability playing a part in its development [1–3]. It is an important global public health problem among older adults [3], and it has been reported that frailty is associated with adverse outcomes such as mortality [4, 5], fractures [5, 6], and falls [5]. While adherence to this guideline is inversely associated with mortality in middle-aged and older
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