Abstract
A high diet quality according to the Swedish nutrition recommendations is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. To further clarify this protective association, we examined the association between high diet quality and change in triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) after 16 years of follow-up in 3152 individuals (61% women; 46–68 years at baseline). In addition, we examined if genetic risk scores composed of 80 lipid-associated genetic variants modify these associations. A diet quality index based on intakes of saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, sucrose, fiber, fruit and vegetables, and fish was constructed. A high diet quality was associated with lower risk of developing high triglycerides (p = 0.02) and high LDL-C (p = 0.03) during follow-up compared with a low diet quality. We found an association between diet quality and long-term change in HDL-C only among those with lower genetic risk for low HDL-C as opposed to those with higher genetic risk (p-interaction = 0.04). Among those with lower genetic risk for low HDL-C, low diet quality was associated with decreased HDL-C during follow-up (p = 0.05). In conclusion, individuals with high adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendation had lower risk of developing high triglycerides and LDL-C during 16 years of follow-up.
Highlights
A high diet quality according to the current Swedish nutrition recommendations has previously been associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study cohort [1]
In this population-based prospective cohort, we found that individuals with high adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendation had higher high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations at baseline and lower risk of developing high triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) during the follow-up
We examined if genetic susceptibility to dyslipidemia modifies the association between the diet quality index and changes in blood lipid concentrations
Summary
A high diet quality according to the current Swedish nutrition recommendations has previously been associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study cohort [1]. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CVD, and dietary factors influence blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Only a few studies have examined the association between food patterns and development of the metabolic syndrome including longitudinal changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins [3,4,5]. To further clarify the protective association of the combined dietary index on CVD risk in the MDC study, we examined its relation to change in blood lipids during 16 years of follow-up. Because genetic variation can influence the response to dietary factors and dietary patterns, we examined if 80 validated lipid- and lipoprotein-associated genetic variants, combined into genetic risk scores, modify these associations
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