Abstract
Common mental disorders (CMD) are characterized by non-psychotic depressive symptoms, anxiety and somatic complaints, which affect the performance of daily activities. This study aimed to analyze prevalence of diet quality among adults with and without CMD from 2006 to 2017, to study the frequency of food consumption and diet quality according to mental status and age, and to determine which sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors are associated with poor/moderate diet quality, according to mental status. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed in adults with (n = 12,545) and without CMD (n = 48,079). The data were obtained from three Spanish National Health Surveys (2006, 2011/2012 and 2017). Two logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with diet quality in people with and without CMD. Among those with CMD, the probability of having poor/moderate diet quality was significantly lower for overweight or obese people and those who took part in leisure-time physical activity. Among those without CMD, university graduates were less likely to have a poor/moderate diet quality. Good diet quality was observed more in older adults (≥65 years old) than in emerging (18–24 years old) or young adults (25–44 years old), regardless of mental status.
Highlights
Mental disorders constitute a rising public health concern throughout the world and are responsible for major social and economic issues affecting all age groups [1,2].In the wide spectrum of mental illnesses, the most prevalent conditions are depressive and anxiety disorders, defined by the World Health Organization as common mental disorders (CMD) [3]
We evaluated diet quality using the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (SHEI) [44], which conforms to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition’s (SSCN) dietary guidelines [45]
We show the relationship between numerous different factors and diet quality in a large sample of adults with and without CMD in Spain surveyed in three waves (2006, 2011/2012, 2017) as part of the Spanish National Health Survey (SNHS)
Summary
Mental disorders constitute a rising public health concern throughout the world and are responsible for major social and economic issues affecting all age groups [1,2]. In the wide spectrum of mental illnesses, the most prevalent conditions are depressive and anxiety disorders, defined by the World Health Organization as common mental disorders (CMD) [3]. CMD are situated among the top 25 causes of the global burden of disease [4], they are in most cases, preventable and treatable [5,6,7]. Reducing the prevalence of CMD continues to pose a major challenge for health systems worldwide [8]. Many studies have examined the association between diet and depression, with only a limited exploration of anxiety and more severe mental illnesses. It is clear that observational research nutritional psychiatry needs to be extended into this area [9,10,11]
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