Abstract
It is unknown whether lectins of the rumen epithelium contribute to the recognition of mucosal microbes and activation of tolerogenic cytokines in ruminant animals. We applied an integrated method of RNA-seq and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate alterations of epithelial lectin expression and regulation with a diet-induced reconstruction of the mucosal microbiota in the goat rumen. Our results showed that the diversity and richness of the rumen mucosal microbiota were promoted by the dietary concentrate. Meantime, in the rumen epithelium, five lectin genes, namely, sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 14 (LOC102180073), C-type lectin domain family 4, member E (CLEC4E), C-type lectin domain family 7, member A (CLEC7A), C-type lectin domain family 16, member A (CLEC16A), and lectin, mannose-binding 2 (LMAN2), were indicated to promote the expression of 8 tolerogenic cytokines, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) and 4 enzyme genes involved in retinoic acid biosynthesis via 6 signaling pathways. Analysis of the combined data showed that 9 microbial genera (Clostridium_IV, Desulfobulbus, Eubacterium, Ochrobactrum, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas, Slackia, Staphylococcus and Subdivision5_genera_IS) were highly related to the expression of functional lectins. These findings provide new insights into the interactions between the rumen epithelium and mucosal microbiota in the maintenance of rumen homeostasis.
Highlights
The mucosal microbiota is a group of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota that inhabits the mucus layer of the GI tract
We found that the dietary concentrate promoted immunity of the rumen epithelium by strengthening signaling from toll-like receptors (TLRs)[18]
The most significant decrease occurred in the phylum Actinobacteria, whose relative abundance was decreased by 62% in the MC group
Summary
The mucosal microbiota is a group of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota that inhabits the mucus layer of the GI tract. Throughout evolution, the GI epithelium has developed a complex gene network to regulate the activities of the mucosal microbiota and responses of immune cells to provide a harmonious coexistence between the host’s immune system and GI microbiota In healthy individuals, this network recognizes commensal bacteria in the mucus layer and subsequently activates tolerogenic signals to suppress inappropriate immune responses[3, 4]. This network recognizes commensal bacteria in the mucus layer and subsequently activates tolerogenic signals to suppress inappropriate immune responses[3, 4] It plays a crucial role in the maintenance of GI homeostasis. We aimed to understand the regulatory mechanism of lectins in the maintenance of rumen homeostasis
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