Abstract
Maternal obesity and overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation can program an increased risk of obesity in offspring. In this context, improving maternal metabolism may help reduce the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Here we show that, in Sprague-Dawley rats, selectively altering obese maternal gut microbial composition with prebiotic treatment reduces maternal energy intake, decreases gestational weight gain, and prevents increased adiposity in dams and their offspring. Maternal serum metabolomics analysis, along with satiety hormone and gut microbiota analysis, identified maternal metabolic signatures that could be implicated in programming offspring obesity risk and highlighted the potential influence of maternal gut microbiota on maternal and offspring metabolism. In particular, the metabolomic signature of insulin resistance in obese rats normalized when dams consumed the prebiotic. In summary, prebiotic intake during pregnancy and lactation improves maternal metabolism in diet-induced obese rats in a manner that attenuates the detrimental nutritional programming of offspring associated with maternal obesity. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of the maternal mechanisms influencing the developmental programming of offspring obesity and provide compelling pre-clinical evidence for a potential strategy to improve maternal and offspring metabolic outcomes in human pregnancy.
Highlights
IntroductionAs a novel approach to maternal programming research, we employed 1H NMR serum metabolomics analysis to gain insight into the effect of diet-induced obesity and prebiotic supplementation on maternal metabolism; to assess the potential impact of the gut microbiota on the maternal metabolome; and to identify putative maternal metabolic signatures that might contribute to the developmental programming of offspring obesity
Oligofructose on maternal gut microbiota, metabolism, and offspring health
As a novel approach to maternal programming research, we employed 1H NMR serum metabolomics analysis to gain insight into the effect of diet-induced obesity and prebiotic supplementation on maternal metabolism; to assess the potential impact of the gut microbiota on the maternal metabolome; and to identify putative maternal metabolic signatures that might contribute to the developmental programming of offspring obesity
Summary
As a novel approach to maternal programming research, we employed 1H NMR serum metabolomics analysis to gain insight into the effect of diet-induced obesity and prebiotic supplementation on maternal metabolism; to assess the potential impact of the gut microbiota on the maternal metabolome; and to identify putative maternal metabolic signatures that might contribute to the developmental programming of offspring obesity. We show that maternal prebiotic intake, in the context of diet-induced obesity, reduces gestational weight gain and prevents increased adiposity in both dams and offspring at weaning. These effects are accompanied by increased circulating concentrations of satiety hormones and abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. in the gut. We demonstrate that diet-associated changes in maternal serum metabolite signatures provide novel insight into metabolic players involved in developmental programming of offspring obesity risk
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