Abstract
This study aimed to extend our current knowledge of Sunda porcupine reproductive biology with emphasis on environmental enrichment and the reproductive season. Tomato and bean sprout feeding able to increase sperm quantity, sperm motility, and viability, as well as increase FSH and estrogen hormone levels. Four pairs of captive Sunda porcupine were used. Two pairs (fed with fresh tomato and bean sprout, enrichment group) and two pairs as control. The birth rate of enrichment group higher (with twin litter per year) than that in control (only one litter per year). It indicated that tomato and bean sprout feeding affect the birth rate in Sunda porcupine. The recent study showed that captive Sunda porcupine births occurred throughout the year, with no more than 1-2 litter per year and are have no interbirth-interval. The birth peak of captive Sunda porcupine occurs between April to August. Biparental activities during birth occurred. However, the female spent 50% of the time with the newborn. There was no courtship behaviour throughout the first two or three months of life of the cub.
Highlights
Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is one of the members of famili Hystricidae distributed in Java Island, Lombok, Madura, Flores, and Tanah Jampea islands of Indonesia [1]
Since 2018, H. javanica protected in Indonesia
This study aimed to extend our current knowledge of H. javanica reproductive rate with emphasis on environmental enrichment and the reproductive season
Summary
Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) is one of the members of famili Hystricidae distributed in Java Island, Lombok, Madura, Flores, and Tanah Jampea islands of Indonesia [1]. Since 2018, H. javanica protected in Indonesia. In many Indonesian regions, wildlife represents a significant source of food and financial resource for rural and urban populations. People hunt the porcupine for meat consumption caused a high demand for porcupine. The high rate of exploitation will reduce the population, which in turn increases its value and leads to its extinction in the wild [4]. Sunda porcupine has potential as mini livestock, which is true in areas with large portions of rainforest where the raising of livestock is difficult, and traditional hunting remains the primary way of obtaining animal protein [5]
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