Diet diversity in Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans

Abstract

The focus is on dietary diversity among United States (US) Hispanics, with attention given to differences by socioeconomic status (SES) and level of acculturation. The subjects of study were 18 to 74 years of age Mexican Americans (n = 3201), Cuban Americans (n = 831), and Puerto Ricans (n = 1224) included in the 1982–84 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Dietary diversity was assessed as ‘food group’ and ‘portion’ scores derived from single 24 hour recalls. Less than 10% of Hispanic men and 5% of women satisfy diversity recommendations (17 or more portions out of a possible 20) and patterns are as found in the general US population. Multivariate analysis suggest that among Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans diversity is related to education and level of acculturation. Income is not related to diversity in any group. Generation of residency in the US is associated with less variety among Mexican Americans and Puerto Rican men. Socioeconomic status and acculturation are not significantly related to diversity among Cuban Americans. In conclusion, the diets of US Hispanics lack variety and this places these populations at long‐term health risk. While interventions need to consider the educational level and cultural differences among Hispanics, income levels are unrelated to diversity in all groups, and therefore, not an apparent limitation to change.