Abstract
BackgroundWhile several studies have documented associations between dietary habits and microbiota composition and function in healthy individuals, no study explored these associations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and especially with symptoms.MethodsHere, we used a novel approach that combined data from a 4-day food diary, integrated into a food tree, together with gut microbiota (shotgun metagenomic) for individuals with IBS (N = 149) and healthy controls (N = 52). Paired microbiota and food-based trees allowed us to detect new associations between subspecies and diet. Combining co-inertia analysis and linear regression models, exhaled gas levels and symptom severity could be predicted from metagenomic and dietary data.ResultsWe showed that individuals with severe IBS are characterized by a higher intake of poorer-quality food items during their main meals. Our analysis suggested that covariations between gut microbiota at subspecies level and diet could be explained with IBS symptom severity, exhaled gas, glycan metabolism, and meat/plant ratio. We provided evidence that IBS severity is associated with altered gut microbiota hydrogen function in correlation with microbiota enzymes involved in animal carbohydrate metabolism.ConclusionsOur study provides an unprecedented resolution of diet-microbiota-symptom interactions and ultimately guides new interventional studies that aim to identify gut microbiome-based nutritional recommendations for the management of gastrointestinal symptoms.Trial registrationThis trial was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov, with the registration number NCT01252550, on 3rd December 2010.93ov3mj-BC13x8K6khXmLQVideo abstract
Highlights
While several studies have documented associations between dietary habits and microbiota composition and function in healthy individuals, no study explored these associations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and especially with symptoms
PCoA1 was significantly associated with the meat/plant ratio (Fig. 1e, rho = − 0.62, p < 0.05), suggesting that the proportion of meat-based food relative to plant-based food was the major driver of dietary variation between subjects in our cohort
Carbohydrate-associated enzymes and hydrogenases encoded by metagenomes are associated with IBS symptom severity As carbohydrates belong to the food items that can exacerbate symptoms related to gas accumulation, we further explored the relationship between Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) and hydrogenases
Summary
While several studies have documented associations between dietary habits and microbiota composition and function in healthy individuals, no study explored these associations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and especially with symptoms. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, affecting between 5 and 18% of the population, depending on geographical region [1, 2]. Most individuals with IBS report the triggering or worsening of symptoms following food intake [4]. Long-term eating habits, is known to be one of the drivers of microbiota variation. Detailed tracking of covariations between the gut microbiota and diet demonstrated insight into the clearly personalized responses to variation in dietary intake [5, 6]
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