Abstract
ObjectivesEvaluate the association between the hemodialysis (HD) patient’s diet components and all-cause mortality in a 12-month prospective analysis. MethodsThe diet components of 77 HD participants were examined using 24-hr recalls administered on dialysis and non-dialysis days, participant’s demographics were obtained from the chart and all-cause mortality was registered for 12 months. ResultsThe mean age ± SD was 63.2 ± 15.7 years; 28.8% were female, 58.4% of the patients had DM and 13% died of cardiovascular disease. When comparing dietary energy intake (DEI) and dietary protein intake (DPI) with the National Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines (30–35 kcal/kg; 1.2 g/kg daily) only 59.5% of the participants met energy recommendations and 25.2% met protein recommendations. Survivors had a greater protein and energy intake when compared to non-survivors; DEI (1917 ± 400 vs 1615 ± 321, P = 0.026) DPI (81 ± 16 vs 66 ± 11, P = 0.06); greater intake of fruit servings (2.4 ± 0.99 vs 1.5 ± 0.85, P = 0.09); greater intake of cereal-fiber grams (11.6 ± 4.5 vs 7.4 ± 4.4, P = 0.07). The intake of at least two fruit servings per day, decreased four-fold the mortality risk (HR:0.246; 95.0%, C.I. 0.069–0.880) P = 0.031; and the intake of at least 7 grams of cereal-fiber per day, decreased five-fold the mortality risk (HR:0.187; 95.0%, C.I. 0.050–0.693, P = 0.012); when adjusted by age, gender and diabetes the relationships remained significant (P < 0.05). The differences in the intake of vegetables, white/red meat, nuts/soy and fat (trans-, poly, and saturated fat) did not achieve significance, P > 0.05). ConclusionsHemodialysis patients should be encouraged to use various food sources to meet their energy and protein requirements as well as satisfy at least two servings of fruits and 7 grams of cereal-fiber per day to prevent cardiovascular mortality. Funding SourcesNo funding resources. This study is part of a PhD dissertation thesis.
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