Abstract
The results of an experimental and theoretical study of the radiation characteristics of a high-gain antenna feed system are reported. The feed system consists of a homogeneous dielectric sphere offset in front of the aperture of a radial surface-wave horn formed by a E-plane sectoral horn with its bottom plane having a layer of dielectric coating keeping the top plane truncated at a height where the field concentration is almost negligible. Firstly, the radiation characteristics with on-axis gain of the surface-wave E-plane sectoral horn alone are derived for TE10 mode excitation, from an electric vector potential on the basis of the vector diffraction formula. Then the radiation characteristics of the feed system are derived by treating the system as a microwave lens illuminated by an aperture source. Theoretical results and established in good agreement with experimental results of radiation pattern and gain measurements. It is concluded that radial surface-wave horn antennas have on-axis gain in excess of that of conventional E-plane sectoral horns, and also that the radiation characteristics of the surface-wave horn are improved further with greater directivity, increased on-axis gain and reduced side.lobe levels (beyond 90°, the side lobo level is of negligible magnitude being leas than − 40 dB) due to the offset dielectric sphere at its aperture.
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