Abstract
We show that metallic wires embedded in narrow waveguide bends and channels demonstrate resonance behavior at specific frequencies. The electromagnetic energy at these resonances tunnels through the narrow waveguide channels with almost no propagation losses. Under the tunneling behavior, high-intensity electromagnetic fields are produced in the vicinity of the metallic wires. These intense field resonances can be exploited to build highly sensitive dielectric sensors. The sensor operation is explained with the help of full-wave simulations. A practical setup consisting of a 3D waveguide bend is presented to experimentally observe the tunneling phenomenon. The tunneling frequency is predicted by determining the input impedance minima through a variational formula based on the Green function of a probe-excited parallel plate waveguide.
Highlights
The metallic-wire medium has been a source of interest among the electromagnetic community for the past several decades, primarily because of its similarities to the anisotropic plasmas
Energy tunneling through narrow waveguide channels and bends filled with materials with ENZ electric permittivities have been explored in several studies [5,6,7,8,9]
We studied theoretically and experimentally the the frequency-dependent tunneling of electromagnetic energy as it propagates through narrow bends and channels loaded with resonant wires
Summary
The metallic-wire medium has been a source of interest among the electromagnetic community for the past several decades, primarily because of its similarities to the anisotropic plasmas. Many subsequent studies utilized their plasma-like dispersion characteristics to demonstrate interesting effects, such as resonance-cone focusing and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) tunneling [4,5,6,7,8,9]. Energy tunneling through narrow waveguide channels and bends filled with materials with ENZ electric permittivities have been explored in several studies [5,6,7,8,9]. In such a configuration, the metallic wires are separated by a periodicity of T and are directed parallel to the electric (E) field [14,15,16]. (a) Two short-circuited waveguides connected by a thin layer of epsilon-near-zero material; and (b) the two waveguides connected with a cylindrical wire structure
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