Dielectric relaxation, electrical conductivity measurements, electric modulus and impedance analysis of WO3 nanostructures

Abstract

The electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of WO3 nanostructures were measured by impedance spectroscopy using 50 Hz–5 MHz frequency in steps of 100 Hz and 303–383 K temperature. The dielectric behavior is analyzed using real and imaginary parts of dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), loss factor (tan δ), electric modulus (M′ and M″) and impedance (Z′ and Z″) and complex impedance analysis. The electrical conductivity remained originate towards a function of frequency and temperature. The frequency exponent ‘s′ is found to decrease from 0.89 to 0.35 with an increase of temperature which infers the correlated barrier hopping mechanism (CBH) that exists in WO3 nanostructures. The Cole-Cole plot explains the complex impedance for different temperatures.