Abstract

Dielectric, impedance, and electric modulus spectroscopies were employed to study the dielectric anomalies in ceramics. It was found that the ferroelectric transition temperature is at . Besides, two relaxation processes attributed to bulk and grain boundary effects were observed both in the dielectric and impedance spectra. However, only one relaxation process corresponding to the bulk response was observed in the electric modulus spectra. The relaxation parameters were deduced. It was found that the bulk response of the material was of localized relaxation process at low temperatures, and long-range conductivity only emerged at high temperatures. Finally, the relaxation species and dynamics of the bulk response were discussed.

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