Dielectric, impedance, AC conductivity and low-temperature magnetic studies of Ce and Sm co-substituted nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite

Abstract

Abstract In this study, we report frequency and temperature dependent dielectric, electrochemical impedance and low temperature magnetic properties of Sol-gel auto-combustion synthesized rare-earth (Ce and Sm) co-substituted cobalt ferrite, CoCexSmyFe2-x-yO4 (x = y = 0.00, 0.1, 0.12 and 0.25). The surface morphology and particle size as obtained by XRD studies was confirmed by HRTEM measurements for a representative sample. The dielectric properties such as dielectric constant, loss tangent and AC conductivity have been measured using LCR meter, variation of dielectric parameters with substituent concentrations, frequency range from 0.1 to 10 MHz at room temperature (RT) and temperatures 100–400 °C have been well supported by Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The AC conductivity increased with applied frequency suggesting that the conduction mechanism is owing to small polaron hopping between cations. Impedance studies shows that, the addition of RE (Ce and Sm) cause a decrease in the Z′ value, with increasing frequency which can be attributed to the space charge polarization effect in the material. Low temperature magnetic measurements in ZFC-FC mode and magnetic isotherms at 20 and 310 K reveals the ferromagnetic nature of RE (Ce, Sm) substituted cobalt ferrite nano particles. The coercive field has been increased at low temperature 20 K compared to that at 310 K, the samples shows super paramagnetism beyond room temperature.