Abstract
A specific pulsed electric field protocol can be used to induce electroporation. This is used in the food industry for yeast pasteurization, in laboratories for generic transfer and the medical field for cancer treatment. The sensing of electroporation can be done with simple ‘instantaneous’ voltage-current analysis. However, there are some intrinsic low-frequency phenomena superposing the electroporation current, such as electrode polarization. The biological media are non-homogeneous, giving them specific characterization in the broad frequency spectrum. For example, the cell barrier, i.e., cell membrane, causes so called β-dispersion in the frequency range of tens to thousands of kHz. Electroporation is a dynamic phenomenon characterized by altering the cell membrane permeability. In this work, we show that the impedance measurement at certain frequencies could be used to detect the occurrence of electroporation, i.e., dielectric dispersion modulated sensing. This approach may be used for the design and implementation of electroporation systems. Yeast suspension electroporation is simulated to show changes in the frequency spectrum. Moreover, the alteration depends on characteristics of the system. Three types of external buffers and their characteristics are evaluated.
Highlights
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) is a non-thermal electricity-based process to control cells.PEF is used in bio-technology [1], veterinary [2] and medical research [3], and food industry [4,5]
To demonstrate the feasibility of supervising electroporation, we propose a numerical study on the sensing of the suspension dielectric dispersion
The PEF systems can eliminate microorganisms. Those systems lack a directly electroporation feedback. This type of sensing is complex, as other phenomena result from direct current in an ionic media, i.e., electrode polarization
Summary
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) is a non-thermal electricity-based process to control cells. PEF is used in bio-technology [1], veterinary [2] and medical research [3], and food industry [4,5]. These applications require specific levels of electroporation control. The PEF approach makes use of a combination of pulse amplitudes, pulse durations and pulse repetitions. High amplitude, short duration, and rectangular PEF (hundreds of kV/m and tens to hundreds of μs) is used for the permeabilization of the cell membrane, known as electroporation or electro-permeabilization [11,12]. If PEF is configured as low amplitude and long duration (tens of kV/m and tens ms), it is possible to primarily cause electrolysis, which may induce chemical ablation [13,14]
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