Abstract
We report the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Gd3+ doped lead-free (K0.5Na0.5)0.96Li0.04(Nb0.8Ta0.20)O3 (KNLNT) ceramics. The transition temperature (TT-C and TO-T) shifted towards the lower temperature (281 °C and 110 °C) for (K0.5Na0.5)0.92Li0.04Gd0.04(Nb0.8Ta0.20)O3 (KNLGNT) ceramics. Frequency dispersion of TT-C or TO-T suggests that KNLGNT ceramics exhibit a relaxor behavior supported by the Vogel-Fulcher law and modified Curie Weiss law. Temperature-dependent resistivity analysis shows that the conduction mechanism follows Mott’s variable range hopping with an average hopping length of 7.23 nm, hopping energy 0.46 eV and density of states near the Fermi level [N(EF)] = 129 × 1016 eV−1 cm−3 for KNLGNT ceramics. Reduction in leakage current and enhancement in dielectric (εr = 1025, tanδ = 0.061 at 1 MHz), ferroelectric properties (Pr = 23.14 μC/cm2,EC = 8.70 kV/cm at 1 Hz) and piezoelectric properties (kp (53%) and d33 (128 pC/N)) were observed for KNLGNT ceramics, which are promising for high-frequency piezoelectric devices.
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