Abstract
The Ba(1−x)CaxZryTi(1−y)O3 (BCZT), a lead-free ceramic material, has attracted the scientific community since 2009 due to its large piezoelectric coefficient and resulting high dielectric permittivity. This perovskite material is a characteristic dielectric material for the pulsed power capacitors industry currently, which in turn leads to devices for effective storage and supply of electric energy. After this remarkable achievement in the area of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, the researchers are exploring both the bulk as well as thin films of this perovskite material. It is observed that the thin film of this materials have outstandingly high power densities and high energy densities which is suitable for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. From a functional materials point of view this material has also gained attention in multiferroic composite material as the ferroelectric constituent of these composites and has provided extraordinary electric properties. This article presents a review on the relevant scientific advancements that have been made by using the BCZT materials for electric energy storage applications by optimizing its dielectric properties. The article starts with a BCZT introduction and discussion of the need of this material for high energy density capacitors, followed by different synthesis techniques and the effect on dielectric properties of doping different materials in BCZT. The advantages of thin film BCZT material over bulk counterparts are also discussed and its use as one of the constituents of mutiferroic composites is also presented. Finally, it summarizes the future prospects of this material followed by the conclusions.
Highlights
The dielectric materials with high energy-storage density, good temperature stability, and low dielectric loss have gained the potential application in pulsed capacitors technology recently.The ceramics industries are trying to develop capacitors with improved energy density, storage efficiency and proper operation sustainability in severe environments [1]. electrochemical batteries possess high energy density but their power density is low, on the other side, capacitors usually have high power density while their energy density is small, so they are usually being used to generate a pulsed voltage or current
C and dan even at room temperature is the first reported lead-free piezoelectric ceramic and even at room temperature is the first reported lead-free piezoelectric ceramic and an important ferroelectric material used in many processes and applications in electronics, due to its typical important ferroelectric material used in many processes and applications in electronics, due to its typical perovskite structure and specific characteristics, such as a high dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties
Jiagang Wu et al reported that the increase of sintering temperature causes the relative density and average grain size of BCZT to gradually increase, and electrical properties are enhanced. They showed that the εr value of BCTZ ceramics increased and the tanδ decreased with an increase of sintering temperature [56]
Summary
The dielectric materials with high energy-storage density, good temperature stability, and low dielectric loss have gained the potential application in pulsed capacitors technology recently. Ceramics are the prime choice for use in extreme physical conditions such as temperature or pressure if they persist for a long operation time, as compared to metals and plastics. The dielectric properties such as the relative permittivity and dielectric loss factor of ceramic material are affected significantly as frequency changes, their ranges have to be determined before the design of any system containing their utilization. In this review we will focus on the lead-free Ba(1−x) Cax Zry Ti(1−y) O3 (BCZT) material, its dielectric and energy storage properties and future applications. The BCZT usage as ferroelectric constituent in multiferroic composite materials is described and at the end future perspectives of BCZT research are discussed followed by the concluding remarks
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