Dielectric Analysis of Amine Modified Nano-graphite: Effects of Thickness, Temperature and Frequency

Abstract

Amine modified nano-graphite (NH2-NG) has been produced from nanographite (NG) powder via liquor ammonia (NH3) aqueous solution by microwave, ultrasonic methods. The surface modified NG have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques which clearly demonstrate that synthesis of NH2-NG was successful. The crystalline characteristics of amine modified nanographite powder have been studied through XRD technique. The morphology structure of synthesized surface modified nanoparticles has been determined by SEM analysis. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of amine groups on the surface of produced nano-graphite powder. NH2-NG pellet was prepared to analyse its dielectric properties as a function of thickness (1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 mm), frequency (range 10−2-105 Hz) and temperature (25, 50, 75 and 100 °C). As a function of frequency, the dielectric loss tangent and permittivity each exhibit a distinct relaxation peak that grows up to a thickness of 5 mm then decreasing. Because nanoparticles are capacitive, the capacitance values of NG and NH2-NG increase with thicknesses up to 5 mm and drop with frequency. The drop in dielectric permittivity of NG and NH2-NG pellets after 5 mm may be caused by an increase in resistivity. Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of increased conductance is confirmed by the continuous increase in electrical conductivity of NG and NH2-NG with temperature. The degree of temperature has a significant impact on the dielectric loss tangent, dielectric permittivity, and electrical conductivity of NG, and NH2-NG.