Abstract
This study deals with the transformation of Czech historical science's view of the rule of the Habsburgs in the lands of the Czech Crown at the beginning of the modern era. Firstly, the author briefly describes the opinions of historians who from the 19th century onwards criticized the Habsburgs for their notable detachment from Czech national interests. This negative evaluation of them as a hostile dynasty which caused social, national, and religious oppression in the lands of the Czech Crown, especially after the Battle of the White Mountain, was prevalent in Czech historical science well into the 20th century. The difference in the views of Western European and Czech historians about the historical role of the Habsburgs in Central Europe became still more pronounced in the 1950s to 1980s. The framework of ideologically distorted viewpoints was transcended only by the work of Josef JanĂĄÄek and later of Jaroslav PĂĄnek, who in the early 1990s was the first to adopt a programmed critical approach to evaluating the rule of the Habsburgs without ideological, moralizing and above all emotionally patriotic prejudices and stereotypes. The failure of his project was influenced by a complete absence of case studies which would permit comparative research into the political, religious and cultural history of the Czech Crown Lands in the early modern Habsburg monarchy. Next, the author of this study follows the research journeys of Czech historians who over the past thirty years have investigated topics relating to the political power of the Habsburgs, their Catholic faith and dynastic representation in the Czech lands in the 16th and 17th centuries. Their scientific efforts are presented within the broad international context of research into the history of the Habsburg dynasty in Central Europe. Despite case studies and the most recently published two-volume work on the Habsburgs, modern Czech historical science has not yet been able to get to grips in the fullest sense with the rule of this dynasty in the Czech Lands. In future years, the long-awaited climax of the journey towards the fulfilment of a conceptually demanding scientific aim should be a "Czech" view of the history of the Habsburg monarchy - of the Habsburgs' rule within the Central European monarchy and the representation of their power and piety.
Highlights
Das Königreich Böhmen, die Markgrafschaft Mähren, das Herzogtum Schlesien und die Markgrafschaft der Ober- und Niederlausitz waren die Bestandteile der multina tionalen Monarchie unter der Herrschaft der Habsburger in Zentraleuropa seit dem Jahre 1526, als Ferdinand I. aus der österreichischen Linie der Dynastie zum König von Böhmen gewählt worden war.[1]
Der Unterschied in der Betrachtungsweise der westeuropäischen und tschechischen historischen Forschung in Bezug auf die historische Rolle der Habsburger in Mit teleuropa vertiefte sich in den fünfziger bis achtziger Jahren des 20
The framework of ideologically distorted viewpoints was transcended only by the work of Josef Janáček and later of Jaroslav Pánek, who in the early 1990s was the first to adopt a programmed critical approach to evaluating the rule of the Habsburgs without ideological, moralizing and above all emotionally patriotic prejudices and stereotypes. The failure of his project was influenced by a complete absence of case studies which would permit comparative research into the political, religious and cultural history of the Czech Crown Lands in the early modern Habsburg monarchy
Summary
Das Königreich Böhmen, die Markgrafschaft Mähren, das Herzogtum Schlesien und die Markgrafschaft der Ober- und Niederlausitz waren die Bestandteile der multina tionalen Monarchie unter der Herrschaft der Habsburger in Zentraleuropa seit dem Jahre 1526, als Ferdinand I. aus der österreichischen Linie der Dynastie zum König von Böhmen gewählt worden war.[1] Nach der Krönung Maria Theresias, der Ehefrau des Herzogs von Lothringen Franz Stephan, zur Königin bestieg im Jahr 1743 das Haus Habsburg-Lothringen den böhmischen Thron.[2] Ihre Regierung beendete vorzeitig Karl I. nach dem Zerfall der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie im Jahre 1918.3 Obwohl die Stellung des tschechischen Staates in der Habsburgermonarchie und die Beziehung der böhmischen Nation zu der regierenden Dynastie die Achse in der Ausle gung der tschechischen Geschichte zwischen den Jahren 1526 bis 1918 bildete, schaff te es die tschechische historische Forschung über eine lange Zeit nicht, sich mit der Regierung der Habsburger sowie mit der Repräsentation ihrer Macht und Frömmigkeit kritisch auseinanderzusetzen.[4] Der Autor nimmt sich zum Ziel nicht, die Ansichten der tschechischen Historikerinnen und Historiker bezüglich der ganzen Regierungszeit der Dynastie Habsburg, bzw. Habsburg-Lothringen, auf dem böhmischen Thron darzule gen. Sein Hauptaugenmerk gilt vor allem dem ersten Jahrhundert nach der Entstehung ihrer mitteleuropäischen Monarchie.[5]
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